Supra Unveils Hydrangea++, Challenging the Physical Ceiling on Blockchain Speed
Zug, Switzerland, December 3rd, 2025, Chainwire
Supra, the first MultiVM Layer-1 blockchain built for Automatic DeFi (AutoFi) is proud to announce Hydrangea++; an advancement of its Hydrangea consensus protocol designed to push blockchain performance toward the physical limits of information transmission.
Supra recognises that there has long been an underlying reality in blockchain that was widely understood but rarely acknowledged directly. Every transaction, every trade, every mint, and every swap had the potential to finalise more quickly. Not marginally more quickly, but materially so. The limiting factor was not mathematics, cryptography, or software design. It was physics.
For more than fifteen years, blockchain systems have been constructed around these physical constraints instead of attempting to meaningfully reduce them. Hydrangea++ is positioned as an effort to change that trajectory.
A Brief Look Back at Hydrangea
Hydrangea, Supra’s original consensus breakthrough, challenged a long-held assumption: that faster two-round commits necessarily weakened fault tolerance. Hydrangea demonstrated that this was not a law of nature after all.
It introduced two-round optimistic commits paired with stronger resilience, incorporating:
- Byzantine faults (f)
- Crash faults (c)
- A tunable performance parameter (k)
Under optimistic conditions, Hydrangea finalises in two communication rounds. Under adversarial conditions, with up to f Byzantine faults and c crash faults, it executes in three rounds while preserving high safety guarantees.
This work was recently referenced in the Ethereum Foundation’s August 2025 protocol update as part of their fast-finality research track, placing it alongside a small set of consensus designs considered relevant for the next major evolution of Ethereum.
Hydrangea solved a theoretical barrier, Hydrangea++ is built to solve the physical one.
Introducing Hydrangea++
Hydrangea++ integrates optimistic proposals from Supra’s Moonshot algorithm directly into Hydrangea’s resilience model. The result is a proposal pipeline that operates at one network delay. Traditional protocols require multiple rounds of signalling before a block can even be proposed, introducing a constant waiting period that the industry treated as unavoidable. Hydrangea++ removes that waiting time entirely.
Supra positions this achievement not as a clever optimisation but as a consensus protocol designed to match the physical limit of the Internet itself.
Performance Results
In benchmarks against Minimmit, the protocol developed by Commonware for the Tempo blockchain, Supra reports the following results across 51 nodes in ten global regions:
- Proposal latency: 1 network delay
- 11% lower end-to-end latency (faster) than Minimmit in geo-distributed tests
- 35% higher throughput (more capacity) under realistic conditions
- No reduction in security or fault tolerance
- Stable performance during jitter, packet loss, and node misbehaviour
“Hydrangea++ delivers fast finality without fragile assumptions. It is designed for the real-world Internet, where conditions fluctuate and faults happen, offering blazing-fast performance when the network is good and unwavering safety when it is not,” said Dr. Nibesh Shrestha, Lead Author and Supra Researcher. “Unlike prior protocols that force a choice between speed and resilience, Hydrangea++ seamlessly combines both: two rounds when it counts and three rounds when it must.”
“With a single delta-delay proposal and strong Byzantine fault tolerance, it breaks the long-standing latency and resilience trade-off. In summary, Hydrangea++ provides faster finality, more robust security, and global-scale responsiveness in a single consensus protocol.”
What Building Without Limits Can Offer
Hydrangea++ is not about shaving milliseconds. It is about removing the performance floor that has constrained DeFi, oracles and smart contracts since the beginning.
With Hydrangea++:
- Markets move at the speed of information rather than block intervals
- Price oracles can update fast enough to prevent arbitrage windows from forming
- Liquidations fire precisely when thresholds are crossed
- Multi-step transactions feel nearly atomic
- State propagates at physical speed rather than protocol-imposed speed
- Wallets and apps feel immediate rather than delayed
- Users experience finality before their brain registers the click
When consensus stops slowing everything down, whole categories of applications begin to behave the way users always assumed they should.
“Speed only matters if it survives contact with reality. Hydrangea++ stays fast even when things go wrong, because that is exactly when users need reliability the most,” said Joshua Tobkin, CEO and Co-Founder of Supra.
Part of a Fully Integrated Stack
Hydrangea++ underpins Supra’s fully vertically integrated L1 architecture.
This Supra stack includes:
- Consensus
- Native oracles
- Native verifiable randomness
- Automation
- Cross-chain communication
- AI-assisted threshold oracles
- MultiVM execution environments
- World-leading EVM Parallel Execution
Each component is engineered as part of a single unified system rather than a collection of stitched-together subsystems. Supra’s aim is to eliminate infrastructure friction and security gaps so developers can build without wrestling with latency, complexity or brittle dependencies.
Status and Next Steps
Hydrangea++ has already been implemented on Supra’s global DevNet and benchmarked in production-level conditions. Mainnet integration is underway, and the full technical specification is publicly available for peer review. Supra positions this as a shift away from designing around blockchain’s limitations and toward designing at the limit of physics itself.
The speed of light is no longer a metaphor. It is now the foundation.
About Supra
Supra is building blockchain infrastructure the way it should have been from the start: fast, integrated, and out of your way. With Hydrangea++ consensus coming to power a fully unified chain, complete with native oracles, randomness, automation, MultiVM execution, and autonomous DeFi primitives, Supra removes the friction between ideas and reality.
Users can learn more at Supra.com
Technical Docs: https://supra.com/documents/hydrangea-plus-plus.pdf